{"id":3935,"date":"2023-10-26T20:54:36","date_gmt":"2023-10-26T20:54:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/chapter\/the-flatting-process-2\/"},"modified":"2025-08-20T17:50:24","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T17:50:24","slug":"the-flatting-process-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/chapter\/the-flatting-process-2\/","title":{"raw":"The \"flatting\" process","rendered":"The &#8220;flatting&#8221; process"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"the-&quot;flatting&quot;-process\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning goals for Chapter 46<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">In this chapter, we will learn:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>How to create a [pb_glossary id=\"5216\"]dominant seventh chord[\/pb_glossary] by lowering one note from any [pb_glossary id=\"5218\"]fully diminished seventh chord[\/pb_glossary]<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How the flatting process functions as a means of modulation in musical contexts<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"The \u201cflatting\u201d process as a means of modulation\"><\/a>The \u201cflatting\u201d process as a means of modulation<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">You can create a new [pb_glossary id=\"5216\"]dominant seventh chord[\/pb_glossary] by lowering (\"flatting\") any member of a [pb_glossary id=\"5218\"]fully diminished seventh chord[\/pb_glossary] by a [pb_glossary id=\"4875\"]diatonic half step[\/pb_glossary]. The lowered (or \"flatted\") note becomes the root of the new dominant chord. Composers will use this technique to modulate to a new key; the newly created dominant seventh becomes the dominant of the new key. Video T88 walks you through the \"flatting\" process.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Video: T88 \"Flatting process\" video 1: intro (6:05)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/I1-6XuoL1-k?si=6LHSW9FJoccJZu27\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">In this video, we learn about how to create a new dominant (V7) by lowering any member of a fully diminished seventh chord. The lowered note becomes the root of the new dominant.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Example 46\u20111 contains an excerpt from the first movement of Haydn's String Quartet op. 20, no. 5, which illustrates this process. The \"flatted\" note appears in the second violin at the end of m. 48 (D[latex]\\flat[\/latex] is lowered to C), enacting the modulation back to F minor as the piece returns to m. 1 after the first repeat sign in m. 48. This excerpt also features borrowed chords (iv[latex]{}^6_4[\/latex] and viio7). Video T89 walks you through an analysis of this excerpt.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Example 46\u20111. Franz Joseph Haydn, String Quartet op. 20, no. 5, mvt. 1, mm. 46\u201348 returning to m. 1<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1-1024x552.png\" alt=\"image of annotated score\" width=\"1024\" height=\"552\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4879 size-large\" \/><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Access a screen-reader friendly .pdf of this image here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Example 46.1<\/a><\/div>\r\n[audio mp3=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1.mp3\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nListen to the full track, performed by the Aeolian String Quartet, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/1Upr8N0KKK3FWpZPlJbSZP?si=e701d19dd2964e40\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.\r\n\r\nLearn about Austrian composer <strong>Franz Joseph Haydn<\/strong> (1732\u20131809) by reading this <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.44593\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oxford Music Online article<\/a>, written by Georg Feder and James Webster.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Video: T89 \"Flatting process\" video 2: analysis (2:16)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/FpBwZbhqk-c?si=BuLj7rSadYELyGzh\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">This video explores how Haydn uses the flatting process (lowering a note from the viio7 to create a new dominant) to modulate from A[latex]\\flat[\/latex] major to F minor in Example 46\u20111.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<h1><a id=\"EXERCISE 46-1 \u201cLower the ____\u201d\"><\/a>EXERCISE 46-1 \u201cLower the ____\u201d<\/h1>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">EXERCISE 46-1 \u201cLower the ____\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">SET 1. First, identify the following:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>What is the root of the given chord on the staff below?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What is the quality of the given chord?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What key would the given chord tonicize?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Second, on a separate sheet of staff paper, lower the given specified member of the chord (root, third, fifth, or seventh) by a half step and respell the chord as needed to create a new dominant seventh in a stack of thirds. Then identify the new root, new Roman numeral symbol with figured bass, and new implied key.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-1.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-1-1024x332.png\" alt=\"The given chord is G3, B-flat 3, D-flat 4, E-natural 4. It is written out four times with the instructions to lower the root, then the third, then the fifth, then the seventh. After each one, a blank measure is provided to write the new chord, with spaces below to label the new root, implied key, and Roman numeral.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"332\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4885 size-large\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">SET 2. First, identify the following:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>What is the root of the given chord on the staff below?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What is the quality of the given chord?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What key would the given chord tonicize?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Second, on a separate sheet of staff paper, lower the given specified member of the chord (root, third, fifth, or seventh) by a half step and respell the chord as needed to create a new dominant seventh in a stack of thirds. Then identify the new root, new Roman numeral symbol with figured bass, and new implied key.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-2.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-2-1024x337.png\" alt=\"The given chord is C4, F-sharp 4, A4, D-sharp 5. It is written out four times with the instructions to lower the root, then the third, then the fifth, then the seventh. After each one, a blank measure is provided to write the new chord, with spaces below to label the new root, implied key, and Roman numeral.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"337\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4886 size-large\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Access a printer-friendly .pdf of the exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Ex46.1-Lower-the-_____.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ex46.1 \"Lower the _____\"<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"the-&quot;flatting&quot;-process\">\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning goals for Chapter 46<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">In this chapter, we will learn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>How to create a <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_3935_5216\">dominant seventh chord<\/a> by lowering one note from any <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_3935_5218\">fully diminished seventh chord<\/a><\/li>\n<li>How the flatting process functions as a means of modulation in musical contexts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a><\/a>The \u201cflatting\u201d process as a means of modulation<\/h1>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">You can create a new <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_3935_5216\">dominant seventh chord<\/a> by lowering (&#8220;flatting&#8221;) any member of a <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_3935_5218\">fully diminished seventh chord<\/a> by a <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_3935_4875\">diatonic half step<\/a>. The lowered (or &#8220;flatted&#8221;) note becomes the root of the new dominant chord. Composers will use this technique to modulate to a new key; the newly created dominant seventh becomes the dominant of the new key. Video T88 walks you through the &#8220;flatting&#8221; process.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Video: T88 &#8220;Flatting process&#8221; video 1: intro (6:05)<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"T88 Malawey&#39;s &quot;Flatting&quot; Process video 1: INTRO\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/I1-6XuoL1-k?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">In this video, we learn about how to create a new dominant (V7) by lowering any member of a fully diminished seventh chord. The lowered note becomes the root of the new dominant.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Example 46\u20111 contains an excerpt from the first movement of Haydn&#8217;s String Quartet op. 20, no. 5, which illustrates this process. The &#8220;flatted&#8221; note appears in the second violin at the end of m. 48 (D<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0e4fd1b228a913e7ed236ea1697df45c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#108;&#97;&#116;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"6\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\" \/> is lowered to C), enacting the modulation back to F minor as the piece returns to m. 1 after the first repeat sign in m. 48. This excerpt also features borrowed chords (iv<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b8c2a618bbc27db5495793170a3088d4_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#123;&#125;&#94;&#54;&#95;&#52;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"20\" width=\"7\" style=\"vertical-align: -5px;\" \/> and viio7). Video T89 walks you through an analysis of this excerpt.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Example 46\u20111. Franz Joseph Haydn, String Quartet op. 20, no. 5, mvt. 1, mm. 46\u201348 returning to m. 1<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1-1024x552.png\" alt=\"image of annotated score\" width=\"1024\" height=\"552\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4879 size-large\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1-1024x552.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1-300x162.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1-768x414.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1-1536x828.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1-2048x1104.png 2048w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1-65x35.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1-225x121.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1-350x189.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Access a screen-reader friendly .pdf of this image here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Example 46.1<\/a><\/div>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-3935-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1.mp3\">https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Example-46.1.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the full track, performed by the Aeolian String Quartet, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/1Upr8N0KKK3FWpZPlJbSZP?si=e701d19dd2964e40\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Learn about Austrian composer <strong>Franz Joseph Haydn<\/strong> (1732\u20131809) by reading this <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.44593\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oxford Music Online article<\/a>, written by Georg Feder and James Webster.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Video: T89 &#8220;Flatting process&#8221; video 2: analysis (2:16)<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"T89 Malawey&#39;s &quot;Flatting Process&quot; video 2: ANALYSIS\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FpBwZbhqk-c?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">This video explores how Haydn uses the flatting process (lowering a note from the viio7 to create a new dominant) to modulate from A<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0e4fd1b228a913e7ed236ea1697df45c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#108;&#97;&#116;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"6\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\" \/> major to F minor in Example 46\u20111.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a><\/a>EXERCISE 46-1 \u201cLower the ____\u201d<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">EXERCISE 46-1 \u201cLower the ____\u201d<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">SET 1. First, identify the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What is the root of the given chord on the staff below?<\/li>\n<li>What is the quality of the given chord?<\/li>\n<li>What key would the given chord tonicize?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Second, on a separate sheet of staff paper, lower the given specified member of the chord (root, third, fifth, or seventh) by a half step and respell the chord as needed to create a new dominant seventh in a stack of thirds. Then identify the new root, new Roman numeral symbol with figured bass, and new implied key.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-1.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-1-1024x332.png\" alt=\"The given chord is G3, B-flat 3, D-flat 4, E-natural 4. It is written out four times with the instructions to lower the root, then the third, then the fifth, then the seventh. After each one, a blank measure is provided to write the new chord, with spaces below to label the new root, implied key, and Roman numeral.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"332\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4885 size-large\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-1-1024x332.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-1-300x97.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-1-768x249.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-1-1536x498.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-1-65x21.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-1-225x73.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-1-350x113.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-1.png 1971w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">SET 2. First, identify the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>What is the root of the given chord on the staff below?<\/li>\n<li>What is the quality of the given chord?<\/li>\n<li>What key would the given chord tonicize?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Second, on a separate sheet of staff paper, lower the given specified member of the chord (root, third, fifth, or seventh) by a half step and respell the chord as needed to create a new dominant seventh in a stack of thirds. Then identify the new root, new Roman numeral symbol with figured bass, and new implied key.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-2.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-2-1024x337.png\" alt=\"The given chord is C4, F-sharp 4, A4, D-sharp 5. It is written out four times with the instructions to lower the root, then the third, then the fifth, then the seventh. After each one, a blank measure is provided to write the new chord, with spaces below to label the new root, implied key, and Roman numeral.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"337\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4886 size-large\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-2-1024x337.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-2-300x99.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-2-768x253.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-2-1536x506.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-2-65x21.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-2-225x74.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-2-350x115.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Exercise-46.1-set-2.png 1944w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Access a printer-friendly .pdf of the exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/10\/Ex46.1-Lower-the-_____.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ex46.1 &#8220;Lower the _____&#8221;<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_3935_5216\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_3935_5216\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>major-minor seventh chord built on scale degree 5; spelled as a major triad with minor seventh between root and seventh<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_3935_5218\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_3935_5218\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>seventh chord spelled as a diminished triad with diminished seventh between root and seventh, forming a stack of all minor thirds<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_3935_4875\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_3935_4875\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>a minor second (mi2) that is spelled with two successive letter names, for example, C-sharp and D<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":46,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-3935","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3935","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3935\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7171,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3935\/revisions\/7171"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/3935\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3935"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=3935"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=3935"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=3935"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}