{"id":501,"date":"2023-05-11T19:02:31","date_gmt":"2023-05-11T19:02:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/chapter\/lead-sheet-symbols\/"},"modified":"2025-08-13T18:21:57","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T18:21:57","slug":"lead-sheet-symbols","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/chapter\/lead-sheet-symbols\/","title":{"raw":"Lead sheet symbols","rendered":"Lead sheet symbols"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"lead-sheet-symbols\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning goals for Chapter 11<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">In this chapter, we will learn:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The most common lead sheet (chord) symbols<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How to realize chords from a lead sheet<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How to identify chords in staff notation using lead sheet symbols<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"Lead sheet (chord) symbols\"><\/a>Lead sheet (chord) symbols<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">[pb_glossary id=\"1635\"]Lead sheets[\/pb_glossary] are commonly used in a variety of popular genres, such as jazz, blues, and church music, and they generally have the following features:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>a melody notated on a single staff (with or without lyrics)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>chord symbols placed above the staff<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Chord symbols on a lead sheet tell the performer(s) what chords to play in an accompaniment. These chords may be voiced in different ways (open or closed voicings, with various notes doubled) and played in a variety of textures (arpeggiated, blocked chords, and so forth). Figure 11\u20111 shows the most commonly used chord symbols for triads and seventh chords in lead sheets.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Figure 11\u20111. Key to understanding chord symbols<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image34.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image34.png\" width=\"1050\" height=\"916\" alt=\"image showing chord symbols\" class=\"alignnone\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Access a screen-reader friendly .pdf of this figure here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Figure-11-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Figure 11-1<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Video: T27 Lead sheet symbols in \"Shenandoah\" (7:04)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/b80FQ3ZOrEw[\/embed]\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">This interactive video walks you through the process of realizing the chords in a lead sheet, using the lead sheet for \"Shenandoah\" as an example. The video concludes with two different musical realizations\u2014one using a blocked chord texture and the other using arpeggiation. <span>To go through this example on your own, see Exercise 11-1.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"EXERCISE 11-1 Chord symbols in \u201cShenandoah\u201d\"><\/a>EXERCISE 11-1 Chord symbols in \u201cShenandoah\u201d<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">EXERCISE 11-1 Chord symbols in \u201cShenandoah\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Listen to and study the lead sheet of \u201cShenandoah,\u201d which appears in Worksheet example 11\u20111. Then realize the chord symbols in this song on the staff provided or on a separate piece of staff paper.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 11\u20111. Lead sheet for \u201cShenandoah\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image35.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image35.png\" width=\"1312\" height=\"839\" alt=\"image of lead sheet for Oh Shenandoah, in treble clef. Key signature is two flats. Meter is 2\/2. Chord symbols above staff read: B-flat, E-flat over B-flat, B-flat, E-flat, B-flat, G minor, D minor, C minor over E-flat, E-flat, B-flat, B-flat over D, B-flat over F, F, B-flat. First verse text reads: Oh, Shen-an-doah, I love your daughter A-way you rol-ling riv-er I'll take her cross that rol-ling wat-er A-way I'm bound a-way 'cross the wide Mis-sou-ri. Seecond verse text reads: Oh, Shen-an-doah, I long to hear you A-way you rol-ling riv-er Oh, Shen-an-doah, I long to hear you A-way I'm bound a-way 'cross the wide Mis-sou-ri\" class=\"alignnone\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\nListen to this song, performed by Pete Seeger, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/1vNlNm4zTSEZse96mVFNuc?si=ef2137ed4d1a436b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.\r\n\r\nLearn about American folk singer and songwriter <strong>Pete Seeger<\/strong> (1919\u20132014) by reading this <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/omo\/9781561592630.013.60000202406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oxford Music Online article<\/a>, written by Dave Laing.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nHow would the symbols used in this lead sheet be realized in musical notation?\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image36.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image36.png\" width=\"1312\" height=\"202\" alt=\"image ;bak staff with bass clef. Chord symbols above staff read: B-flat, E-flat over B-flat, E-flat, G minor, D minor, C minor over E-flat, B-flat over D, B-flat over F, F.\" class=\"alignnone\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Access a printer-friendly .pdf of the exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex11.1-Chord-symbols-in-Shenandoah.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ex11.1 Chord symbols in Shenandoah<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"EXERCISE 11-2 Lead sheet chord symbols identification\"><\/a>EXERCISE 11-2 Lead sheet chord symbols identification<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">EXERCISE 11-2 Lead sheet chord symbols identification<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">For each of the chords, provide an appropriate lead sheet symbol above the staff. Beneath the staff, provide the root, quality, and bass. The first is done for you.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center\">SET 1<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-SET\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image37.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image37.png\" width=\"1430\" height=\"343\" alt=\"image of chords on staff in treble clef, with blanks above staff for chord symbols, and blanks beneath staff for root, quality, and bass note labels\" class=\"alignnone\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-SET\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;text-align: center\">SET 2<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-SET\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image38.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image38.png\" width=\"1430\" height=\"326\" alt=\"image of chords on staff in bass clef, with blanks above staff for chord symbols, and blanks beneath staff for root, quality, and bass note labels\" class=\"alignnone\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Access a printer-friendly .pdf of the exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex11.2-Lead-sheet-chord-symbols-identification.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ex11.2 Lead sheet chord symbols identification<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"EXERCISE 11-3 Lead sheet realization\"><\/a>EXERCISE 11-3 Lead sheet realization<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">EXERCISE 11-3 Lead sheet realization<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Listen to the following excerpts and study the lead sheets below. Given the lead sheet symbols used in each example, write each chord on the blank staff provided or on a separate sheet of staff paper, and then provide the root, quality, and bass on the blanks provided beneath the staff.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 11\u20112. Joseph Kosma and Johnny Mercer, \u201cAutumn Leaves,\u201d mm. 1\u20138<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-Autumn-Leaves-mm1to8.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-Autumn-Leaves-mm1to8-1024x120.png\" alt=\"image of lead sheet in treble clef. No key signature. Time signature is 4\/4. Chord symbols above staff read: D minor 7, G7, C major 7, F major 7, B minor 7 flat 5, E7, A minor\" width=\"1024\" height=\"120\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1650 size-large\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n[audio mp3=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2.mp3\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nListen to the full track, performed by the Bill Evans Trio, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/7JtcCde09fsajDNHmPFrX7?si=8a70c4695e294706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.\r\n\r\nLearn about the jazz standard \u201cAutumn Leaves\u201d written by the songwriting duo of Hungarian composer <strong>Joseph <\/strong><strong>Kosma<\/strong> (1905\u20131969) and American lyricist and songwriter <strong>Johnny Mercer<\/strong> (1909\u20131976) by reading this Wikipedia <a class=\"rId114\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Autumn_Leaves_(1945_song)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">article<\/span><\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-blanks-rev.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-blanks-rev-1024x359.png\" alt=\"image of chord symbols above staff in bass clef: Dmin7, G7, Cmaj7, Fmaj7, Bmi7flat5, Amin. Blanks beneath staff for root, quality, and bass labels.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"359\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3112 size-large\" \/><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 11\u20113. Paul Simon, \u201cApril Come She Will,\u201d mm. 1\u20135<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-April-Come-She-Will-excerpt.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-April-Come-She-Will-excerpt-1024x161.png\" alt=\"image of lead sheet in treble clef. Key signature is 1 sharp. Time signature is 4\/4. Chord symbols above staff read: G, C, G, C, G, C, G, A minor, E minor, F major 7, E minor\" width=\"1024\" height=\"161\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1655 size-large\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\n[audio mp3=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3.mp3\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nListen to the full track, performed by Simon and Garfunkel, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/0djZ2ndRfAL69WYNra5jRC?si=ed8cfb00b23d4d52\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.\r\n\r\nLearn about American singer-songwriter <strong>Paul Simon<\/strong> (b. 1941) by reading this <a class=\"rId115\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.46624\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Oxford Music Online article<\/span><\/a>, written by David Brackett.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-blanks-rev.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-blanks-rev-1024x339.png\" alt=\"image of chord symbols above staff in bass clef: G, C, Amin, Emin, Fmaj7. Blanks beneath staff for root, quality, and bass labels.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"339\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3113 size-large\" \/><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 11\u20114. Jaime Cortez, \u201cRain Down,\u201d refrain<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-Rain-Down.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-Rain-Down-1024x134.png\" alt=\"image of lead sheet in treble clef. Key signature is one flat. Time signature is 3\/4. Chord symbols above staff read: F, A7 over E, D minor, F7 over C, B-flat, first ending: F over A, G minor, C, second ending: C, C7, B-flat over F, F\" width=\"1024\" height=\"134\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1663 size-large\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n[audio mp3=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4.mp3\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nListen to the full track, performed by ValLimar Jansen, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/2CSR380073FXtYql8zYGys?si=352733c05c62472d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.[footnote]This recording uses a slightly different harmonization than the one shown in musical notation. Instead of A7\/E, it uses a minor seventh chord (Amin7), and the ending is slightly different, too.[\/footnote]\r\n\r\nLearn about American composer <strong>Jaime Cortez<\/strong>, born in 1963 in New York and raised in El Salvador, by reading his <a class=\"rId116\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ocp.org\/en-us\/artists\/1451\/jaime-cortez\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">bio<\/span><\/a> online.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-blanks-rev.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-blanks-rev-1024x319.png\" alt=\"image of chord symbols above staff in bass clef: F, A7\/E, Dmin, B-flat, F\/A, Gmin, C, C7, B-flat\/F. Blanks beneath staff for root, quality, and bass labels.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"319\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3114 size-large\" \/><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Access a printer-friendly .pdf of the exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/06\/Ex11.3-Lead-sheet-realization.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ex11.3 Lead sheet realization<\/a><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\nWant more practice constructing chords from lead sheet symbols? Try these drills:\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><a class=\"rId120\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.teoria.com\/en\/exercises\/c3sc.php\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Practice constructing triads from lead-sheet symbols<\/span><\/a> (teoria)<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><a class=\"rId121\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.teoria.com\/en\/exercises\/c4sc.php\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Practice constructing seventh chords from lead-sheet symbols<\/span><\/a> (teoria)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Listen to the audio examples featured in this exercise here: <a class=\"rId122\" href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/playlist\/7r4URwZ7jgwkLBnqulERdN?si=dfde0b6afea64529\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Spotify playlist for lead sheet realization<\/span><\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"EXERCISE 11-4 Transcription with triads in pop music\"><\/a>EXERCISE 11-4 Transcription with triads in pop music<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">EXERCISE 11-4 Transcription with triads in pop music<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The examples in this exercise use triads in various inversions. Combine your knowledge of triad construction and lead sheet symbols with careful listening to transcribe short passages from each example.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Listen to Worksheet example 11\u20115. This recording primarily uses three chords: F\/C, Amin\/C, and C. Spell these chords on a separate sheet of staff paper. Then on the staff below or on a separate sheet, transcribe the chords in the rhythm you hear when they are played in the audio recording.<\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image45.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image45.png\" width=\"1690\" height=\"254\" alt=\"image of blank staff with treble clef, no key signature, and time signature of 4\/4 and repeat sign. Chord symbols above staff read: F over C, A minor over C, C.\" class=\"alignnone\" \/><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 11\u20115. Grizzly Bear, \u201cTwo Weeks,\u201d 0:00\u20130:24<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[audio mp3=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.5.mp3\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nListen to the full track on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/04uR2cdkgiaLIzebPcs25m?si=24e009e0dc9649ec\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.\r\n\r\nLearn about 21st-century American rock band <strong>Grizzly Bear<\/strong> by reading this last.fm <a class=\"rId117\" href=\"https:\/\/www.last.fm\/music\/Grizzly+Bear\/+wiki\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">article<\/span><\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Listen to Worksheet example 11\u20116. This recording uses Cmin\/G, E[latex]\\flat[\/latex]\/G, A[latex]\\flat[\/latex], and E[latex]\\flat[\/latex]\/G. Spell these chords on a separate sheet of staff paper. Then on the staff below or on a separate sheet, transcribe the chords in the rhythm you hear when they are played in the audio recording.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image46.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image46.png\" width=\"1690\" height=\"570\" alt=\"image of blank staff with treble clef, no key signature, and time signature of 4\/4 and repeat sign. Chord symbol above staff in first system read: C minor over G. Chord symbols in second system read: E-flat over G, A-flat, E-flat over G\" class=\"alignnone\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 11\u20116. Arcade Fire, \u201cWe Used to Wait,\u201d 0:09\u20130:27<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[audio mp3=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.6.mp3\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nListen to the full track on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/37EmPMVwdBaKs7UhJOkHUU?si=a3b7e18c6dd34634\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.\r\n\r\nLearn about 21st-century Canadian indie rock band <strong>Arcade Fire<\/strong> by reading this <a class=\"rId118\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.A2227186\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Oxford Music Online article<\/span><\/a>, written by Ryan R. McNutt.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Listen to Worksheet example 11\u20117. This recording uses: C, Emin\/B, Amin\/C, and Emin\/B. Spell these chords on a separate sheet of staff paper. Then on the staff below or on a separate sheet, transcribe the chords in the rhythm you hear when they are played in the audio recording.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image47.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image47.png\" width=\"1368\" height=\"452\" alt=\"image of blank staff with treble clef, no key signature, and time signature of 4\/4 and repeat sign. Chord symbols above staff in first system read: C, E minor over B. Chord symbols in second system read: A minor over C, E minor over B\" class=\"alignnone\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 11\u20117. Amadou &amp; Mariam, \u201cSabali,\u201d 0:23\u20130:55<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[audio mp3=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.7.mp3\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nListen to the full track on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/0jHZ5yXOZNKvtwPGSgL0gX?si=6ded101320784962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.\r\n\r\nLearn about Malian musical duo <strong>Amadou &amp; Mariam<\/strong> by reading this allmusic.com <a class=\"rId119\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allmusic.com\/artist\/amadou-mariam-mn0000013647\/biography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">bio<\/span><\/a>, written by Chris True.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Access a printer-friendly .pdf of the exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/EX11.4-Transcription-with-triads-in-pop-music.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ex11.4 Transcription with triads in pop music<\/a><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Listen to the audio examples featured in this exercise here: <a class=\"rId123\" href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/playlist\/6WlrEB6gOcZanB7oldbbiH?si=2b2bf5163688471a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Spotify playlist for transcription with triads in pop music<\/span><\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"Supplemental resources\"><\/a>Supplemental resources<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Supplemental resources for Chapter 11<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/viva.pressbooks.pub\/openmusictheory\/chapter\/chord-symbols\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Megan Lavengood's chapter on chord symbols<\/a> (Open Music Theory)\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a class=\"rId124\" href=\"http:\/\/musictheory.pugetsound.edu\/mt21c\/LeadSheetSymbols.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Robert Hutchinson's chapter on lead-sheet symbols<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"lead-sheet-symbols\">\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning goals for Chapter 11<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">In this chapter, we will learn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The most common lead sheet (chord) symbols<\/li>\n<li>How to realize chords from a lead sheet<\/li>\n<li>How to identify chords in staff notation using lead sheet symbols<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a><\/a>Lead sheet (chord) symbols<\/h1>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_501_1635\">Lead sheets<\/a> are commonly used in a variety of popular genres, such as jazz, blues, and church music, and they generally have the following features:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a melody notated on a single staff (with or without lyrics)<\/li>\n<li>chord symbols placed above the staff<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Chord symbols on a lead sheet tell the performer(s) what chords to play in an accompaniment. These chords may be voiced in different ways (open or closed voicings, with various notes doubled) and played in a variety of textures (arpeggiated, blocked chords, and so forth). Figure 11\u20111 shows the most commonly used chord symbols for triads and seventh chords in lead sheets.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Figure 11\u20111. Key to understanding chord symbols<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image34.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image34.png\" width=\"1050\" height=\"916\" alt=\"image showing chord symbols\" class=\"alignnone\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Access a screen-reader friendly .pdf of this figure here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Figure-11-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Figure 11-1<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Video: T27 Lead sheet symbols in &#8220;Shenandoah&#8221; (7:04)<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"T27 Lead Sheet Symbols in Shenandoah\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/b80FQ3ZOrEw?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">This interactive video walks you through the process of realizing the chords in a lead sheet, using the lead sheet for &#8220;Shenandoah&#8221; as an example. The video concludes with two different musical realizations\u2014one using a blocked chord texture and the other using arpeggiation. <span>To go through this example on your own, see Exercise 11-1.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a><\/a>EXERCISE 11-1 Chord symbols in \u201cShenandoah\u201d<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">EXERCISE 11-1 Chord symbols in \u201cShenandoah\u201d<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Listen to and study the lead sheet of \u201cShenandoah,\u201d which appears in Worksheet example 11\u20111. Then realize the chord symbols in this song on the staff provided or on a separate piece of staff paper.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 11\u20111. Lead sheet for \u201cShenandoah\u201d<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image35.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image35.png\" width=\"1312\" height=\"839\" alt=\"image of lead sheet for Oh Shenandoah, in treble clef. Key signature is two flats. Meter is 2\/2. Chord symbols above staff read: B-flat, E-flat over B-flat, B-flat, E-flat, B-flat, G minor, D minor, C minor over E-flat, E-flat, B-flat, B-flat over D, B-flat over F, F, B-flat. First verse text reads: Oh, Shen-an-doah, I love your daughter A-way you rol-ling riv-er I'll take her cross that rol-ling wat-er A-way I'm bound a-way 'cross the wide Mis-sou-ri. Seecond verse text reads: Oh, Shen-an-doah, I long to hear you A-way you rol-ling riv-er Oh, Shen-an-doah, I long to hear you A-way I'm bound a-way 'cross the wide Mis-sou-ri\" class=\"alignnone\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Listen to this song, performed by Pete Seeger, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/1vNlNm4zTSEZse96mVFNuc?si=ef2137ed4d1a436b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Learn about American folk singer and songwriter <strong>Pete Seeger<\/strong> (1919\u20132014) by reading this <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/omo\/9781561592630.013.60000202406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oxford Music Online article<\/a>, written by Dave Laing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>How would the symbols used in this lead sheet be realized in musical notation?<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image36.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image36.png\" width=\"1312\" height=\"202\" alt=\"image ;bak staff with bass clef. Chord symbols above staff read: B-flat, E-flat over B-flat, E-flat, G minor, D minor, C minor over E-flat, B-flat over D, B-flat over F, F.\" class=\"alignnone\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Access a printer-friendly .pdf of the exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex11.1-Chord-symbols-in-Shenandoah.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ex11.1 Chord symbols in Shenandoah<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a><\/a>EXERCISE 11-2 Lead sheet chord symbols identification<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">EXERCISE 11-2 Lead sheet chord symbols identification<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">For each of the chords, provide an appropriate lead sheet symbol above the staff. Beneath the staff, provide the root, quality, and bass. The first is done for you.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center\">SET 1<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-SET\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image37.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image37.png\" width=\"1430\" height=\"343\" alt=\"image of chords on staff in treble clef, with blanks above staff for chord symbols, and blanks beneath staff for root, quality, and bass note labels\" class=\"alignnone\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-SET\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt;text-align: center\">SET 2<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-SET\" style=\"margin-left: 0pt\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image38.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image38.png\" width=\"1430\" height=\"326\" alt=\"image of chords on staff in bass clef, with blanks above staff for chord symbols, and blanks beneath staff for root, quality, and bass note labels\" class=\"alignnone\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Access a printer-friendly .pdf of the exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex11.2-Lead-sheet-chord-symbols-identification.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ex11.2 Lead sheet chord symbols identification<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a><\/a>EXERCISE 11-3 Lead sheet realization<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">EXERCISE 11-3 Lead sheet realization<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Listen to the following excerpts and study the lead sheets below. Given the lead sheet symbols used in each example, write each chord on the blank staff provided or on a separate sheet of staff paper, and then provide the root, quality, and bass on the blanks provided beneath the staff.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 11\u20112. Joseph Kosma and Johnny Mercer, \u201cAutumn Leaves,\u201d mm. 1\u20138<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-Autumn-Leaves-mm1to8.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-Autumn-Leaves-mm1to8-1024x120.png\" alt=\"image of lead sheet in treble clef. No key signature. Time signature is 4\/4. Chord symbols above staff read: D minor 7, G7, C major 7, F major 7, B minor 7 flat 5, E7, A minor\" width=\"1024\" height=\"120\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1650 size-large\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-Autumn-Leaves-mm1to8-1024x120.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-Autumn-Leaves-mm1to8-300x35.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-Autumn-Leaves-mm1to8-768x90.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-Autumn-Leaves-mm1to8-1536x180.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-Autumn-Leaves-mm1to8-2048x240.png 2048w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-Autumn-Leaves-mm1to8-65x8.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-Autumn-Leaves-mm1to8-225x26.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-Autumn-Leaves-mm1to8-350x41.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-501-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2.mp3\">https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the full track, performed by the Bill Evans Trio, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/7JtcCde09fsajDNHmPFrX7?si=8a70c4695e294706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Learn about the jazz standard \u201cAutumn Leaves\u201d written by the songwriting duo of Hungarian composer <strong>Joseph <\/strong><strong>Kosma<\/strong> (1905\u20131969) and American lyricist and songwriter <strong>Johnny Mercer<\/strong> (1909\u20131976) by reading this Wikipedia <a class=\"rId114\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Autumn_Leaves_(1945_song)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">article<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-blanks-rev.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-blanks-rev-1024x359.png\" alt=\"image of chord symbols above staff in bass clef: Dmin7, G7, Cmaj7, Fmaj7, Bmi7flat5, Amin. Blanks beneath staff for root, quality, and bass labels.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"359\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3112 size-large\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-blanks-rev-1024x359.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-blanks-rev-300x105.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-blanks-rev-768x269.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-blanks-rev-1536x538.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-blanks-rev-65x23.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-blanks-rev-225x79.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-blanks-rev-350x123.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.2-blanks-rev.png 1846w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 11\u20113. Paul Simon, \u201cApril Come She Will,\u201d mm. 1\u20135<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-April-Come-She-Will-excerpt.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-April-Come-She-Will-excerpt-1024x161.png\" alt=\"image of lead sheet in treble clef. Key signature is 1 sharp. Time signature is 4\/4. Chord symbols above staff read: G, C, G, C, G, C, G, A minor, E minor, F major 7, E minor\" width=\"1024\" height=\"161\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1655 size-large\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-April-Come-She-Will-excerpt-1024x161.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-April-Come-She-Will-excerpt-300x47.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-April-Come-She-Will-excerpt-768x120.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-April-Come-She-Will-excerpt-1536x241.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-April-Come-She-Will-excerpt-2048x321.png 2048w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-April-Come-She-Will-excerpt-65x10.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-April-Come-She-Will-excerpt-225x35.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-April-Come-She-Will-excerpt-350x55.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-501-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3.mp3?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3.mp3\">https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the full track, performed by Simon and Garfunkel, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/0djZ2ndRfAL69WYNra5jRC?si=ed8cfb00b23d4d52\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Learn about American singer-songwriter <strong>Paul Simon<\/strong> (b. 1941) by reading this <a class=\"rId115\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.46624\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Oxford Music Online article<\/span><\/a>, written by David Brackett.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-blanks-rev.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-blanks-rev-1024x339.png\" alt=\"image of chord symbols above staff in bass clef: G, C, Amin, Emin, Fmaj7. Blanks beneath staff for root, quality, and bass labels.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"339\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3113 size-large\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-blanks-rev-1024x339.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-blanks-rev-300x99.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-blanks-rev-768x255.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-blanks-rev-1536x509.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-blanks-rev-65x22.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-blanks-rev-225x75.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-blanks-rev-350x116.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.3-blanks-rev.png 1858w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 11\u20114. Jaime Cortez, \u201cRain Down,\u201d refrain<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-Rain-Down.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-Rain-Down-1024x134.png\" alt=\"image of lead sheet in treble clef. Key signature is one flat. Time signature is 3\/4. Chord symbols above staff read: F, A7 over E, D minor, F7 over C, B-flat, first ending: F over A, G minor, C, second ending: C, C7, B-flat over F, F\" width=\"1024\" height=\"134\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1663 size-large\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-Rain-Down-1024x134.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-Rain-Down-300x39.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-Rain-Down-768x101.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-Rain-Down-1536x202.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-Rain-Down-2048x269.png 2048w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-Rain-Down-65x9.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-Rain-Down-225x30.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-Rain-Down-350x46.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-501-3\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4.mp3?_=3\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4.mp3\">https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the full track, performed by ValLimar Jansen, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/2CSR380073FXtYql8zYGys?si=352733c05c62472d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"This recording uses a slightly different harmonization than the one shown in musical notation. Instead of A7\/E, it uses a minor seventh chord (Amin7), and the ending is slightly different, too.\" id=\"return-footnote-501-1\" href=\"#footnote-501-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Learn about American composer <strong>Jaime Cortez<\/strong>, born in 1963 in New York and raised in El Salvador, by reading his <a class=\"rId116\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ocp.org\/en-us\/artists\/1451\/jaime-cortez\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">bio<\/span><\/a> online.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-blanks-rev.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-blanks-rev-1024x319.png\" alt=\"image of chord symbols above staff in bass clef: F, A7\/E, Dmin, B-flat, F\/A, Gmin, C, C7, B-flat\/F. Blanks beneath staff for root, quality, and bass labels.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"319\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-3114 size-large\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-blanks-rev-1024x319.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-blanks-rev-300x93.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-blanks-rev-768x239.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-blanks-rev-1536x478.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-blanks-rev-65x20.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-blanks-rev-225x70.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-blanks-rev-350x109.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.4-blanks-rev.png 1983w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Access a printer-friendly .pdf of the exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/06\/Ex11.3-Lead-sheet-realization.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ex11.3 Lead sheet realization<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p>Want more practice constructing chords from lead sheet symbols? Try these drills:<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><a class=\"rId120\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.teoria.com\/en\/exercises\/c3sc.php\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Practice constructing triads from lead-sheet symbols<\/span><\/a> (teoria)<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><a class=\"rId121\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.teoria.com\/en\/exercises\/c4sc.php\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Practice constructing seventh chords from lead-sheet symbols<\/span><\/a> (teoria)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Listen to the audio examples featured in this exercise here: <a class=\"rId122\" href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/playlist\/7r4URwZ7jgwkLBnqulERdN?si=dfde0b6afea64529\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Spotify playlist for lead sheet realization<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a><\/a>EXERCISE 11-4 Transcription with triads in pop music<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">EXERCISE 11-4 Transcription with triads in pop music<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The examples in this exercise use triads in various inversions. Combine your knowledge of triad construction and lead sheet symbols with careful listening to transcribe short passages from each example.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Listen to Worksheet example 11\u20115. This recording primarily uses three chords: F\/C, Amin\/C, and C. Spell these chords on a separate sheet of staff paper. Then on the staff below or on a separate sheet, transcribe the chords in the rhythm you hear when they are played in the audio recording.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image45.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image45.png\" width=\"1690\" height=\"254\" alt=\"image of blank staff with treble clef, no key signature, and time signature of 4\/4 and repeat sign. Chord symbols above staff read: F over C, A minor over C, C.\" class=\"alignnone\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 11\u20115. Grizzly Bear, \u201cTwo Weeks,\u201d 0:00\u20130:24<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-501-4\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.5.mp3?_=4\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.5.mp3\">https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.5.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the full track on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/04uR2cdkgiaLIzebPcs25m?si=24e009e0dc9649ec\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Learn about 21st-century American rock band <strong>Grizzly Bear<\/strong> by reading this last.fm <a class=\"rId117\" href=\"https:\/\/www.last.fm\/music\/Grizzly+Bear\/+wiki\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">article<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Listen to Worksheet example 11\u20116. This recording uses Cmin\/G, E<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0e4fd1b228a913e7ed236ea1697df45c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#108;&#97;&#116;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"6\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\" \/>\/G, A<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0e4fd1b228a913e7ed236ea1697df45c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#108;&#97;&#116;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"6\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\" \/>, and E<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0e4fd1b228a913e7ed236ea1697df45c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#108;&#97;&#116;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"6\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\" \/>\/G. Spell these chords on a separate sheet of staff paper. Then on the staff below or on a separate sheet, transcribe the chords in the rhythm you hear when they are played in the audio recording.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image46.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image46.png\" width=\"1690\" height=\"570\" alt=\"image of blank staff with treble clef, no key signature, and time signature of 4\/4 and repeat sign. Chord symbol above staff in first system read: C minor over G. Chord symbols in second system read: E-flat over G, A-flat, E-flat over G\" class=\"alignnone\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 11\u20116. Arcade Fire, \u201cWe Used to Wait,\u201d 0:09\u20130:27<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-501-5\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.6.mp3?_=5\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.6.mp3\">https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.6.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the full track on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/37EmPMVwdBaKs7UhJOkHUU?si=a3b7e18c6dd34634\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Learn about 21st-century Canadian indie rock band <strong>Arcade Fire<\/strong> by reading this <a class=\"rId118\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.A2227186\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Oxford Music Online article<\/span><\/a>, written by Ryan R. McNutt.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Listen to Worksheet example 11\u20117. This recording uses: C, Emin\/B, Amin\/C, and Emin\/B. Spell these chords on a separate sheet of staff paper. Then on the staff below or on a separate sheet, transcribe the chords in the rhythm you hear when they are played in the audio recording.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image47.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/image47.png\" width=\"1368\" height=\"452\" alt=\"image of blank staff with treble clef, no key signature, and time signature of 4\/4 and repeat sign. Chord symbols above staff in first system read: C, E minor over B. Chord symbols in second system read: A minor over C, E minor over B\" class=\"alignnone\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 11\u20117. Amadou &amp; Mariam, \u201cSabali,\u201d 0:23\u20130:55<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-501-6\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.7.mp3?_=6\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.7.mp3\">https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-11.7.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the full track on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/0jHZ5yXOZNKvtwPGSgL0gX?si=6ded101320784962\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Learn about Malian musical duo <strong>Amadou &amp; Mariam<\/strong> by reading this allmusic.com <a class=\"rId119\" href=\"https:\/\/www.allmusic.com\/artist\/amadou-mariam-mn0000013647\/biography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">bio<\/span><\/a>, written by Chris True.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Access a printer-friendly .pdf of the exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/EX11.4-Transcription-with-triads-in-pop-music.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ex11.4 Transcription with triads in pop music<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Listen to the audio examples featured in this exercise here: <a class=\"rId123\" href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/playlist\/6WlrEB6gOcZanB7oldbbiH?si=2b2bf5163688471a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Spotify playlist for transcription with triads in pop music<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a><\/a>Supplemental resources<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Supplemental resources for Chapter 11<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/viva.pressbooks.pub\/openmusictheory\/chapter\/chord-symbols\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Megan Lavengood&#8217;s chapter on chord symbols<\/a> (Open Music Theory)<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a class=\"rId124\" href=\"http:\/\/musictheory.pugetsound.edu\/mt21c\/LeadSheetSymbols.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Robert Hutchinson&#8217;s chapter on lead-sheet symbols<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-501-1\">This recording uses a slightly different harmonization than the one shown in musical notation. Instead of A7\/E, it uses a minor seventh chord (Amin7), and the ending is slightly different, too. <a href=\"#return-footnote-501-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_501_1635\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_501_1635\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>type of score that usually contains a melody with or without lyrics on a single staff and chord symbols appearing above the staff<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":11,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-501","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":58,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/501\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7020,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/501\/revisions\/7020"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/501\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=501"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=501"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}