{"id":540,"date":"2023-05-11T19:02:47","date_gmt":"2023-05-11T19:02:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/chapter\/nashville-numbers\/"},"modified":"2025-08-13T18:25:01","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T18:25:01","slug":"nashville-numbers","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/chapter\/nashville-numbers\/","title":{"raw":"Nashville numbers","rendered":"Nashville numbers"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"nashville-numbers\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning goals for Chapter 15<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">In this chapter, we will learn:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>How to read a Nashville number chart<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How to use the Nashville Number System (NNS) for analysis and transcription<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How to create a Nashville number chart<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nThe [pb_glossary id=\"1892\"]Nashville Number System[\/pb_glossary] (NNS) was developed in the 1950s as an easy means of communicating a song's harmonic structure on a single piece of paper, which commercial musicians use in performance settings and recording studios. We will learn about NNS here as a valuable alternative to Roman numeral labeling for chords, especially in popular music. Like Roman numerals, Nashville numbers are a relative system, but they use Arabic numbers (rather than Roman numerals) to represent the scale degrees upon which each chord is built. Unlike lead sheet symbols, Nashville numbers allow for easy transposition to any key.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\nBecause it is contained on a single sheet of paper, a Nashville number chart also shows us a song's form in its entirety, with section labels on the left side of the chart. We will explore this aspect of Nashville number charts when we study form in popular music in <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/chapter\/form-designs-in-pop-rock\/\">Chapter 37<\/a>.\r\n\r\nExample 15-1 shows an example of a Nashville number chart. At the top, it provides all of the basic information about the song\u2014its key, meter, tempo, title, and songwriter. The chart shows each section, labeled with abbreviations, and the chord progression denoted in Arabic numbers that represent the scale degree upon which each chord is built. The \"x\" symbols indicate places where no chord is used. Arabic numbers with no modification, like \"1\" and \"4\" here, simply indicate the major tonic and major subdominant triads. The use of the superscript \"7\" indicates a major-minor seventh chord, so the \"5<sup>7<\/sup>\" symbol means the dominant seventh chord. If the song is performed in the key of G major, the \"1\" indicates the G major triad, the \"4\" indicates the C major triad, and the \"5<sup>7<\/sup>\" indicates D7 (the D major-minor seventh chord).\r\n\r\nThe default [pb_glossary id=\"2246\"]harmonic rhythm[\/pb_glossary] is one chord per bar, unless notated otherwise using slashes to show more frequent chord changes. For example,\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a04\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a05\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a01\/5<\/p>\r\n<span>would mean to play the tonic, subdominant, and dominant chords for one measure each, then the tonic and dominant chords for half a measure each.<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Example 15-1. De Clerq's Nashville number chart of \u201cRockin\u2019 Robin\u201d (Bobby Day, 1958)[footnote]Trevor De Clercq, \u201cThe Nashville Number System: A Framework for Teaching Harmony in Popular Music,\u201d <em>Journal of Music Theory Pedagogy<\/em> 33 (2019): 5. Used with the permission of the author.[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex-15.1.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex-15.1-810x1024.png\" alt=\"image of Nashville number chart for Rockin' Robin\" width=\"810\" height=\"1024\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1896 size-large\" \/><\/a>\r\n\r\nListen to the recording of this song on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/4FlYcJnfkeBpowEHJ72Bmt?si=c17ffb1636ec4b58\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.\r\n\r\nLearn more about American songwriter, singer, and producer <strong>Bobby Day<\/strong> (1930\u20131990) by reading this blackpast <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blackpast.org\/african-american-history\/bobby-day-1930-1990\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article<\/a>, written by Anna Christian.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nChord qualities other than major triads and major-minor seventh chords are indicated with additional symbols. For minor chords, the symbol is the Arabic number with a \"-\" following it. For example, \"2-\" would indicate a minor supertonic triad. Major seventh chords are typically indicated with either a \"maj7\" or \"[latex]\\bigtriangleup[\/latex]7\u201d suffix, and minor seventh chords are indicated with a \"-7\" suffix.\r\n\r\nInverted chords are easily shown in the Nashville Number System using fraction-like symbols, in which the top number refers to the scale degree of the chord [pb_glossary id=\"1461\"]root[\/pb_glossary] and the bottom number refers to the [pb_glossary id=\"1466\"]bass[\/pb_glossary] note. For example, in the key of G major, the symbol \"[latex]\\frac{1}{3}[\/latex]\" would mean a G major chord with B in the bass (first inversion).\r\n\r\n<span>Songs in minor keys are often notated with symbols associated with the relative major key, naming the relative major as tonic instead of the minor key.<\/span> In this case, the minor tonic chord would be written as \"6-\" rather than \"1-\u201d.\r\n<h1><a id=\"EXERCISE 15-1 Creating a Nashville number chart\"><\/a>EXERCISE 15-1 Creating a Nashville number chart<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">EXERCISE 15-1 Creating a Nashville number chart<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nFor each of the following audio examples, create a Nashville number chart by filling in the Arabic numbers corresponding with the scale degrees of each chord root. Blanks are provided for you to help you determine the [pb_glossary id=\"2246\"]harmonic rhythm[\/pb_glossary]. <span>In the blanks at the top of each chart, add the key, time signature, and tempo marking to the best of your ability.<\/span> Use your aural skills and an instrument, like a piano or guitar, to help you figure out the harmonic structure of each example.\r\n\r\nBlank Nashville number chart for Worksheet example 15-1:\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.1.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.1-1024x932.png\" alt=\"image of blank Nashville number chart\" width=\"1024\" height=\"932\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2259 size-large\" \/><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 15-1. John Prine, \"Speed of the Sound of Loneliness,\" 0:00\u20131:12<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nListen to the first minute and 12 seconds of this track on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/09lYnM5tc8vDqq6trDepcz?si=bac059acf62847ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>\u00a0or <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/DZXgZGrVlL4?si=BLsVyDMslyqlZkj0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YouTube<\/a>.\r\n\r\nLearn about the American singer-songwriter\u00a0<strong>John Prine\u00a0<\/strong>(1946\u20132020) by reading this <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.A2263015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oxford Music Online article<\/a>, written by Ken Tucker and revised by Art Menius.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nBlank Nashville number chart for Worksheet example 15-2:\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.2.png\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.2-1024x673.png\" alt=\"image of blank Nashville number chart\" width=\"1024\" height=\"673\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-2253\" \/><\/a>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 15-2. Vampire Weekend, \"This Life,\" 2:41\u20133:04<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[audio mp3=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.2-Vampire-Weekend.mp3\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nListen to the full track on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/4dRqYKhLVujxiBXcq50YzG?si=0aee45d77b5e4beb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.\r\n\r\nLearn about 21st-century American rock band\u00a0<strong>Vampire Weekend\u00a0<\/strong>by reading this Wikipedia <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vampire_Weekend\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Access a printer-friendly .pdf of the exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex15.1-Creating-a-Nashville-number-chart.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ex15.1 Creating a Nashville number chart<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Listen to the audio examples featured in this exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/playlist\/3Y9XZofMTe1oxu3ZGXBZub?si=272ca40965144406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify playlist for Nashville numbers<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nAccess the slideshow for this chapter here: <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/d\/1Y1pDlVeDAb_mi4j_LeVZXjIdrjD4e7WP0khWKrWweYk\/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nashville numbers slides<\/a>\r\n<h1><a id=\"Supplemental resources\"><\/a>Supplemental resources<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Further reading<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">De Clercq, Trevor. 2019. \u201cThe Nashville Number System: A Framework for Teaching Harmony in Popular Music.\u201d<em> Journal of Music Theory Pedagogy<\/em> 33: 3\u201328. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.midside.com\/publications\/declercq_2019_jmtp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.midside.com\/publications\/declercq_2019_jmtp.pdf<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Matthews, Neal Jr. 1984. <em>The Nashville Numbering System: An Aid to Playing by Ear<\/em>. 2nd ed. Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard Corporation.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Williams, Chas. 2017. <em>The Nashville Number System<\/em>. 11th ed. Nashville, TN: Chas Williams.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Wood, Jim. 2010. \u201cThe Nashville Number System.\u201d <em>Fiddler Magazine<\/em> 17, no. 2: 30\u201333.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"nashville-numbers\">\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning goals for Chapter 15<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">In this chapter, we will learn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>How to read a Nashville number chart<\/li>\n<li>How to use the Nashville Number System (NNS) for analysis and transcription<\/li>\n<li>How to create a Nashville number chart<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_540_1892\">Nashville Number System<\/a> (NNS) was developed in the 1950s as an easy means of communicating a song&#8217;s harmonic structure on a single piece of paper, which commercial musicians use in performance settings and recording studios. We will learn about NNS here as a valuable alternative to Roman numeral labeling for chords, especially in popular music. Like Roman numerals, Nashville numbers are a relative system, but they use Arabic numbers (rather than Roman numerals) to represent the scale degrees upon which each chord is built. Unlike lead sheet symbols, Nashville numbers allow for easy transposition to any key.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>Because it is contained on a single sheet of paper, a Nashville number chart also shows us a song&#8217;s form in its entirety, with section labels on the left side of the chart. We will explore this aspect of Nashville number charts when we study form in popular music in <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/chapter\/form-designs-in-pop-rock\/\">Chapter 37<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Example 15-1 shows an example of a Nashville number chart. At the top, it provides all of the basic information about the song\u2014its key, meter, tempo, title, and songwriter. The chart shows each section, labeled with abbreviations, and the chord progression denoted in Arabic numbers that represent the scale degree upon which each chord is built. The &#8220;x&#8221; symbols indicate places where no chord is used. Arabic numbers with no modification, like &#8220;1&#8221; and &#8220;4&#8221; here, simply indicate the major tonic and major subdominant triads. The use of the superscript &#8220;7&#8221; indicates a major-minor seventh chord, so the &#8220;5<sup>7<\/sup>&#8221; symbol means the dominant seventh chord. If the song is performed in the key of G major, the &#8220;1&#8221; indicates the G major triad, the &#8220;4&#8221; indicates the C major triad, and the &#8220;5<sup>7<\/sup>&#8221; indicates D7 (the D major-minor seventh chord).<\/p>\n<p>The default <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_540_2246\">harmonic rhythm<\/a> is one chord per bar, unless notated otherwise using slashes to show more frequent chord changes. For example,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a04\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a05\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a01\/5<\/p>\n<p><span>would mean to play the tonic, subdominant, and dominant chords for one measure each, then the tonic and dominant chords for half a measure each.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Example 15-1. De Clerq&#8217;s Nashville number chart of \u201cRockin\u2019 Robin\u201d (Bobby Day, 1958)<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Trevor De Clercq, \u201cThe Nashville Number System: A Framework for Teaching Harmony in Popular Music,\u201d Journal of Music Theory Pedagogy 33 (2019): 5. Used with the permission of the author.\" id=\"return-footnote-540-1\" href=\"#footnote-540-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex-15.1.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex-15.1-810x1024.png\" alt=\"image of Nashville number chart for Rockin' Robin\" width=\"810\" height=\"1024\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1896 size-large\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex-15.1-810x1024.png 810w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex-15.1-237x300.png 237w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex-15.1-768x970.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex-15.1-1216x1536.png 1216w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex-15.1-65x82.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex-15.1-225x284.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex-15.1-350x442.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex-15.1.png 1244w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the recording of this song on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/4FlYcJnfkeBpowEHJ72Bmt?si=c17ffb1636ec4b58\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Learn more about American songwriter, singer, and producer <strong>Bobby Day<\/strong> (1930\u20131990) by reading this blackpast <a href=\"https:\/\/www.blackpast.org\/african-american-history\/bobby-day-1930-1990\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article<\/a>, written by Anna Christian.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Chord qualities other than major triads and major-minor seventh chords are indicated with additional symbols. For minor chords, the symbol is the Arabic number with a &#8220;-&#8221; following it. For example, &#8220;2-&#8221; would indicate a minor supertonic triad. Major seventh chords are typically indicated with either a &#8220;maj7&#8221; or &#8220;<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-45164d942f22cccfa86f6d1fcc223bee_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#98;&#105;&#103;&#116;&#114;&#105;&#97;&#110;&#103;&#108;&#101;&#117;&#112;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"14\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\" \/>7\u201d suffix, and minor seventh chords are indicated with a &#8220;-7&#8221; suffix.<\/p>\n<p>Inverted chords are easily shown in the Nashville Number System using fraction-like symbols, in which the top number refers to the scale degree of the chord <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_540_1461\">root<\/a> and the bottom number refers to the <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_540_1466\">bass<\/a> note. For example, in the key of G major, the symbol &#8220;<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-34f0e870957984f6c69249b8cf4f5813_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#114;&#97;&#99;&#123;&#49;&#125;&#123;&#51;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"22\" width=\"7\" style=\"vertical-align: -6px;\" \/>&#8221; would mean a G major chord with B in the bass (first inversion).<\/p>\n<p><span>Songs in minor keys are often notated with symbols associated with the relative major key, naming the relative major as tonic instead of the minor key.<\/span> In this case, the minor tonic chord would be written as &#8220;6-&#8221; rather than &#8220;1-\u201d.<\/p>\n<h1><a><\/a>EXERCISE 15-1 Creating a Nashville number chart<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">EXERCISE 15-1 Creating a Nashville number chart<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>For each of the following audio examples, create a Nashville number chart by filling in the Arabic numbers corresponding with the scale degrees of each chord root. Blanks are provided for you to help you determine the <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_540_2246\">harmonic rhythm<\/a>. <span>In the blanks at the top of each chart, add the key, time signature, and tempo marking to the best of your ability.<\/span> Use your aural skills and an instrument, like a piano or guitar, to help you figure out the harmonic structure of each example.<\/p>\n<p>Blank Nashville number chart for Worksheet example 15-1:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.1.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.1-1024x932.png\" alt=\"image of blank Nashville number chart\" width=\"1024\" height=\"932\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2259 size-large\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.1-1024x932.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.1-300x273.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.1-768x699.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.1-1536x1399.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.1-65x59.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.1-225x205.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.1-350x319.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.1.png 1890w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 15-1. John Prine, &#8220;Speed of the Sound of Loneliness,&#8221; 0:00\u20131:12<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Listen to the first minute and 12 seconds of this track on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/09lYnM5tc8vDqq6trDepcz?si=bac059acf62847ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>\u00a0or <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/DZXgZGrVlL4?si=BLsVyDMslyqlZkj0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">YouTube<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Learn about the American singer-songwriter\u00a0<strong>John Prine\u00a0<\/strong>(1946\u20132020) by reading this <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.A2263015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oxford Music Online article<\/a>, written by Ken Tucker and revised by Art Menius.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Blank Nashville number chart for Worksheet example 15-2:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.2-1024x673.png\" alt=\"image of blank Nashville number chart\" width=\"1024\" height=\"673\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-2253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.2-1024x673.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.2-300x197.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.2-768x505.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.2-1536x1010.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.2-65x43.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.2-225x148.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.2-350x230.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.2.png 1890w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 15-2. Vampire Weekend, &#8220;This Life,&#8221; 2:41\u20133:04<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-540-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.2-Vampire-Weekend.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.2-Vampire-Weekend.mp3\">https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/WE-15.2-Vampire-Weekend.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the full track on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/4dRqYKhLVujxiBXcq50YzG?si=0aee45d77b5e4beb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Learn about 21st-century American rock band\u00a0<strong>Vampire Weekend\u00a0<\/strong>by reading this Wikipedia <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vampire_Weekend\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\">Access a printer-friendly .pdf of the exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/05\/Ex15.1-Creating-a-Nashville-number-chart.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ex15.1 Creating a Nashville number chart<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Listen to the audio examples featured in this exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/playlist\/3Y9XZofMTe1oxu3ZGXBZub?si=272ca40965144406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify playlist for Nashville numbers<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Access the slideshow for this chapter here: <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/presentation\/d\/1Y1pDlVeDAb_mi4j_LeVZXjIdrjD4e7WP0khWKrWweYk\/edit?usp=sharing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nashville numbers slides<\/a><\/p>\n<h1><a><\/a>Supplemental resources<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Further reading<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">De Clercq, Trevor. 2019. \u201cThe Nashville Number System: A Framework for Teaching Harmony in Popular Music.\u201d<em> Journal of Music Theory Pedagogy<\/em> 33: 3\u201328. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.midside.com\/publications\/declercq_2019_jmtp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.midside.com\/publications\/declercq_2019_jmtp.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Matthews, Neal Jr. 1984. <em>The Nashville Numbering System: An Aid to Playing by Ear<\/em>. 2nd ed. Milwaukee, WI: Hal Leonard Corporation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Williams, Chas. 2017. <em>The Nashville Number System<\/em>. 11th ed. Nashville, TN: Chas Williams.<\/p>\n<p class=\"hanging-indent\">Wood, Jim. 2010. \u201cThe Nashville Number System.\u201d <em>Fiddler Magazine<\/em> 17, no. 2: 30\u201333.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-540-1\">Trevor De Clercq, \u201cThe Nashville Number System: A Framework for Teaching Harmony in Popular Music,\u201d <em>Journal of Music Theory Pedagogy<\/em> 33 (2019): 5. Used with the permission of the author. <a href=\"#return-footnote-540-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_540_1892\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_540_1892\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>system for labeling chord progressions, using Arabic numbers and symbols to show chord function and alterations<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_540_2246\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_540_2246\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>the rate of chord change<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_540_1461\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_540_1461\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>the fundamental note from which a chord is built<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_540_1466\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_540_1466\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>with regard to chords, the lowest sounding note of a particular chord; with regard to voices, the lowest voice part notated in bass clef<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":15,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-540","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/540","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":46,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/540\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7026,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/540\/revisions\/7026"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/540\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=540"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=540"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=540"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=540"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}