{"id":65,"date":"2023-04-24T18:29:14","date_gmt":"2023-04-24T18:29:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/chapter\/major-scales\/"},"modified":"2026-02-03T20:27:18","modified_gmt":"2026-02-03T20:27:18","slug":"major-scales","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/chapter\/major-scales\/","title":{"raw":"Major scales","rendered":"Major scales"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"major-scales\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning goals for Chapter 3<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">In this chapter, we will learn:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>How to spell and identify half and whole steps<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How to construct major scales<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How to sing major scales, using movable-do solfege and Curwen hand signs<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How major scales are used in musical contexts<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"Half and whole steps\"><\/a>Half and whole steps<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The smallest meaningful [pb_glossary id=\"344\"]interval[\/pb_glossary] (meaning the measure of distance between two pitches) in music following the European classical tradition, as well as many popular styles, is the [pb_glossary id=\"247\"]half step[\/pb_glossary]. Using a keyboard, half steps are easy to identify because they constitute any two immediately adjacent keys\u2014either a white key and an adjacent black key (e.g., C and D[latex]\\flat[\/latex]) or two white keys (e.g., B and C). Half steps may be spelled in one of two ways: [pb_glossary id=\"345\"]Diatonic[\/pb_glossary] half steps always use two different consecutive letter names, such as D and E[latex]\\flat[\/latex], or B and C. [pb_glossary id=\"346\"]Chromatic[\/pb_glossary] half steps always use two versions of the same letter name, such as D and D[latex]\\sharp[\/latex], or C and C[latex]\\flat[\/latex].<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The interval that results when two half steps are combined is called a [pb_glossary id=\"350\"]whole step[\/pb_glossary]. In general, whole steps should be spelled [pb_glossary id=\"345\"]diatonically[\/pb_glossary], that is using two different consecutive letter names. Some examples of whole steps include B and C[latex]\\sharp[\/latex], D and E, and A[latex]\\flat[\/latex] and B[latex]\\flat[\/latex]. Figure 3\u20111 shows some sample half and whole steps as they appear on the keyboard.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Figure 3\u20111. Half and whole steps on the keyboard<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/image32.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/image32.png\" alt=\"image of keyboard with half and whole steps labeled\" class=\"aligncenter\" width=\"504\" height=\"270\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"Major scales\"><\/a>Major scales<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Diatonic half and whole steps are the building blocks for [pb_glossary id=\"353\"]scales[\/pb_glossary], which arrange steps in predictable and pleasing ways. Much of the pitch content of Western tonal classical and popular music derives from scales. The most common scale in this repertory is the [pb_glossary id=\"354\"]major scale[\/pb_glossary], which arranges half (H) and whole (W) steps in the following way: W W H W W W H. Example 3\u20111 shows this pattern beginning on A; half steps are bracketed.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Example 3\u20111. The A major scale<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/image33.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/image33.png\" alt=\"image of A major scale, with scale degrees and intervals labeled\" class=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1423\" height=\"296\" \/><\/a>\r\n[audio mp3=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/ex-3.1.mp3\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The first note of any scale, called [pb_glossary id=\"356\"]tonic[\/pb_glossary], is generally considered to be the most important and most memorable note of the scale. The other scale degrees also have names, which are shown above the staff in Example 3\u20111. When singing tonal melodies, it is common to use [pb_glossary id=\"2509\"]solfege[\/pb_glossary] syllables, which are also given in the above example. <span>This book uses the system of movable-do solfege, in which tonic is always \u201cdo.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Video: T04 Intro to major scales (4:02)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/e3JuzHavtsU[\/embed]\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">This video introduces the concept of major scales, which comprise the following interval pattern: whole-whole-half-whole-whole-whole-half.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Just as conducting helps people embody meter, many people find it useful to use embodied hand gestures associated with singing each scale degree. The hand signs used for each solfege syllable appear in Figure 3\u20112.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Figure 3\u20112. Curwen hand signs<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/image34.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/image34.png\" alt=\"image of solfege hand signs\" class=\"aligncenter\" width=\"421\" height=\"1179\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Video: S01 Solfege and Curwen hand signs (2:08)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fzt1vbACOKg[\/embed]\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">This video is an interactive singing video, introducing viewers to the solfege syllables associated with the major scale (do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti), and the Curwen hand signs associated with each syllable. These should be practiced and memorized. The term \"Curwen\" refers to English choral educator John Spencer Curwen (1816\u20131880), who used the hand signs to correspond with the solfege syllables, following the method created by English music educator Sarah Anna Glover (1785\u20131867). The term \"Kod\u00e1ly\" refers to Hungarian composer and pedagogue Zolt\u00e1n Kod\u00e1ly (1882\u20131867), who used the hand signs in his teaching practices for developing sight-singing skills. The terms \"Glover,\" \"Curwen,\" and \"Kod\u00e1ly\" can be used interchangeably to refer to the hand signs.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Self-check quiz on solfege and hand signs<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"2\"]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"Major scales in context\"><\/a>EXERCISE 3-1 Major scales in context<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Once you understand how to construct major scales, it is helpful to see and hear how the scales work in musical contexts. To this end, study the six examples in the following exercise. <span>If you would like to be guided through the exercises, see the two \u201cMajor scales in context\u201d videos below.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">EXERCISE 3-1 Major scales in context<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>B<\/strong><strong> MAJOR<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Write the ascending B major scale below or on a piece of staff paper. Bracket the location of all half steps. Select the right arrow over the image to view the answer.<\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"4\"]\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Listen for the B major scale in the following example.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 3\u20111. Patrick Wolf, \u201cThe Magic Position,\" 0:00\u20130:29<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[audio mp3=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.1.mp3\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nListen to the full track, performed by Patrick Wolf, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/51VDsgehISUIIJvUgIjwQu?si=62a07c4a24e94e85\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.\r\n\r\nLearn about English singer-songwriter <strong>Patrick Wolf<\/strong> (b. 1983) at the <a class=\"rId88\" href=\"http:\/\/www.patrickwolf.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">artist's website<\/span><\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>C MAJOR<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Write the ascending and descending C major scale below or on a piece of staff paper. Bracket the location of all half steps. Select the right arrow over the image to view the answer.<\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"5\"]\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Find the ascending and descending forms of the C major scale in the following example.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 3\u20112. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, K. 265, Variations on \u201cAh, vous dirai-je, Maman,\u201d var. 7<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/image37.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/image37.png\" alt=\"score for Mozart, K. 265 variation 7\" class=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1073\" height=\"776\" \/><\/a><small><\/small><\/p>\r\n[audio mp3=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.2.mp3\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nListen to the full piece, performed by Bal\u00e1zs Szokolay, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/4WdxY9P58aXpxdSuq3IoTd?si=d5819ca578d44cea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<strong>\r\n<\/strong>\r\n\r\nLearn about Austrian composer <strong>Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart<\/strong> (1756\u20131791) by reading this <a class=\"rId89\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.6002278233\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Oxford Music Online article<\/span><\/a>, written by Cliff Eisen and Stanley Sadie.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>D<\/strong><strong>[latex]\\flat[\/latex] <\/strong><strong>MAJOR<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Write the ascending D[latex]\\flat[\/latex] major scale below or on a piece of staff paper. Bracket the location of all half steps. Select the right arrow over the image to view the answer.<\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"6\"]\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Listen for the D[latex]\\flat[\/latex] major scale in the following example.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 3\u20113. The Beatles, \u201cAcross the Universe\u201d from <em>Let It Be<\/em>, 3:13\u20133:47<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[audio mp3=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.3.mp3\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nListen to the full recording, performed by the Beatles, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/4dkoqJrP0L8FXftrMZongF?si=010cb9a1c8bf46aa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.\r\n\r\nLearn about 20th-century English rock band <strong>the Beatles<\/strong> and their music by reading this <a class=\"rId90\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.A2223785\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Oxford Music Online article<\/span><\/a>, written by Walter Everett.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>F<\/strong><strong> MAJOR<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Write the ascending F major scale below or on a piece of staff paper. Bracket the location of all half steps. Select the right arrow over the image to view the answer.<\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"7\"]\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Find the F major scale in the following example.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 3\u20114. Franz Joseph Haydn, Violin Concerto no. 1 in C major, Hob. VIIa 1, mvt. 2, mm. 1\u20133[footnote]Example from <span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">https:\/\/musictheoryexamples.com\/1scales\/ScF.pdf<\/span> by <span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Timothy Cutler (accessed July 6, 2020). Website no longer available; the author's examples now appear in an <a href=\"https:\/\/digital.wwnorton.com\/musicanalysis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anthology<\/a> published by W.W. Norton.<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.4-Haydn-Vln-Concerto-excerpt.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.4-Haydn-Vln-Concerto-excerpt-1024x775.png\" alt=\"image of score\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-396 size-large\" width=\"1024\" height=\"775\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n[audio mp3=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.4.mp3\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nListen to the full track, performed by Alberto Lysy, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/5d53dvmmkR31yI9I1dnFkE?si=cc5cc6b724c84be5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.\r\n\r\nLearn about Austrian composer <strong>Franz Joseph Haydn<\/strong> (1732\u20131809) by reading this <a class=\"rId91\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.44593\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Oxford Music Online article<\/span><\/a>, written by Georg Feder and James Webster.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>D MAJOR<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Write the D major scale below or on a piece of staff paper. Bracket the location of all half steps. Select the right arrow over the image to view the answer.<\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"8\"]\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Find the D major scale in the following example. Bonus: can you find a G major scale in this excerpt, too?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 3\u20115. Johann Sebastian Bach, Keyboard Partita no. 4 in D major, BWV 828, Ouverture, mm. 1\u20135[footnote]Example from <span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">https:\/\/musictheoryexamples.com\/1scales\/ScA.pdf<\/span> by <span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Timothy Cutler (accessed July 6, 2020). Website no longer available; the author's examples now appear in an <a href=\"https:\/\/digital.wwnorton.com\/musicanalysis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anthology<\/a> published by W.W. Norton.<\/span>[\/footnote]<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.5-300x172.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.5-1024x587.png\" alt=\"image of score\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-412 size-large\" width=\"1024\" height=\"587\" \/><\/a><\/p>\r\n[audio mp3=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.5.mp3\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nListen to the full recording, performed by Sergey Schepkin, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/6A3dyzSumEFrLx3niz24Ba?si=943fb91818974148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.\r\n\r\nLearn about German composer <strong>Johann Sebastian Bach<\/strong> (1685\u20131750) by reading this <a class=\"rId92\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.6002278195\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Oxford Music Online article<\/span><\/a>, written by Christoph Wolff and Walter Emery.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>G<\/strong><strong> MAJOR<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Write the ascending and descending G major scale below or on a piece of staff paper. Bracket the location of all half steps. Select the right arrow over the image to view the answer.<\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"9\"]\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Listen for the descending G major scale in the following example, about 12 seconds in from the beginning of the clip.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 3\u20116. Audrye Sessions, \u201cWhere You\u2019ll Find Me,\u201d from Audrye Sessions, 2:22\u20133:06<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[audio mp3=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.6.mp3\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nListen to the full recording, performed by Audrye Sessions, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/6Byld2jTMqt1C1FeMdZVXo?si=16e82708f6a64816\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.\r\n\r\nLearn about 21st-century American indie band <strong>Audrye<\/strong><strong> Sessions<\/strong> by reading this <a class=\"rId93\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Audrye_Sessions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Wikipedia article<\/span><\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 3-7. Joanna Wang (\u738b\u82e5\u7433), \u201cFlies! (\u84bc\u8805!),\u201d 0:17\u20130:28<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[audio mp3=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.7.mp3\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nListen to the full recording, performed by Joanna Wang\", on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/28kDkv8dTiUEdnVdPK1nrc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.\r\n\r\nLearn about 21st-century Taiwanese-American singer-songwriter <strong>Joanna Wang<\/strong> (b. 1988) by reading this <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joanna_Wang\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia article<\/a>.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Access a printer-friendly .pdf of the exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/Ex3.1-Major-scales-in-context-rev.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ex3.1 Major scales in context<\/a><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\nWant more practice spelling major scales? Try these drills:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><a class=\"rId95\" href=\"https:\/\/www.teoria.com\/en\/exercises\/sc.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Practice spelling major scales<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(teoria)<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><a class=\"rId96\" href=\"https:\/\/www.musictheory.net\/exercises\/scale-construction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Practice spelling major scales<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(musictheory.net)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Listen to the audio examples featured in this exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/playlist\/0F1Qdg5EWyXlT1TYV98tNq?si=d450ba622cb34f2c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify playlist for major scales in context<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Video: T05 Major scales in context, part 1 (5:54)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gKBF2k3-fJs[\/embed]\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">In this video, we begin working on \"Major scales in context.\" Get a piece of staff paper and a pencil, and get ready to write a B major scale. The payoff? We get to listen to its use in a cool track by Patrick Wolf.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Video: T06 Major scales in context, part 2 (13:29)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3kyckSwCMmM[\/embed]\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">This interactive video guides you as you complete the \"Major scales in context\" exercise, rewarding you with beautiful and exciting musical examples by Mozart, Haydn, Bach, and Audrye Sessions.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Self-quiz: Logic problems with scales and scale degrees<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">[h5p id=\"3\"]<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><a id=\"Supplemental resources\"><\/a>Supplemental resources<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Supplemental resources for Chapter 3<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a class=\"rId97\" href=\"https:\/\/gmajormusictheory.org\/Fundamentals\/Ch04.pdf\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Gilbert <\/span><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">DeBenedetti\u2019s<\/span><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\"> chapter on major scales<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\"><\/span><a class=\"rId98\" href=\"http:\/\/musictheory.pugetsound.edu\/mt21c\/MajorScalesAndKeySignatures.html\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Robert Hutchinson\u2019s chapter on major scales and key signatures<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a class=\"rId99\" href=\"https:\/\/milnepublishing.geneseo.edu\/fundamentals-function-form\/chapter\/6-major-scales-2\/\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Andre Mount's chapter on major scales<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/viva.pressbooks.pub\/openmusictheory\/chapter\/major-scales\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chelsey Hamm and Bryn Hughes's chapter on major scales, scale degrees, and key signatures<\/a> (Open Music Theory)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/uen.pressbooks.pub\/auralskills\/chapter\/solfege\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Timothy Chenette's chapter on solfege<\/a> (Foundations of Aural Skills)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"major-scales\">\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning goals for Chapter 3<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">In this chapter, we will learn:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>How to spell and identify half and whole steps<\/li>\n<li>How to construct major scales<\/li>\n<li>How to sing major scales, using movable-do solfege and Curwen hand signs<\/li>\n<li>How major scales are used in musical contexts<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a><\/a>Half and whole steps<\/h1>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The smallest meaningful <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_65_344\">interval<\/a> (meaning the measure of distance between two pitches) in music following the European classical tradition, as well as many popular styles, is the <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_65_247\">half step<\/a>. Using a keyboard, half steps are easy to identify because they constitute any two immediately adjacent keys\u2014either a white key and an adjacent black key (e.g., C and D<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0e4fd1b228a913e7ed236ea1697df45c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#108;&#97;&#116;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"6\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\" \/>) or two white keys (e.g., B and C). Half steps may be spelled in one of two ways: <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_65_345\">Diatonic<\/a> half steps always use two different consecutive letter names, such as D and E<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0e4fd1b228a913e7ed236ea1697df45c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#108;&#97;&#116;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"6\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\" \/>, or B and C. <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_65_346\">Chromatic<\/a> half steps always use two versions of the same letter name, such as D and D<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ff51ac680d6bea2ba79d15ba08ffcca2_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#115;&#104;&#97;&#114;&#112;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"17\" width=\"6\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\" \/>, or C and C<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0e4fd1b228a913e7ed236ea1697df45c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#108;&#97;&#116;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"6\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\" \/>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The interval that results when two half steps are combined is called a <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_65_350\">whole step<\/a>. In general, whole steps should be spelled <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_65_345\">diatonically<\/a>, that is using two different consecutive letter names. Some examples of whole steps include B and C<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-ff51ac680d6bea2ba79d15ba08ffcca2_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#115;&#104;&#97;&#114;&#112;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"17\" width=\"6\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\" \/>, D and E, and A<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0e4fd1b228a913e7ed236ea1697df45c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#108;&#97;&#116;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"6\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\" \/> and B<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0e4fd1b228a913e7ed236ea1697df45c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#108;&#97;&#116;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"6\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\" \/>. Figure 3\u20111 shows some sample half and whole steps as they appear on the keyboard.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Figure 3\u20111. Half and whole steps on the keyboard<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/image32.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/image32.png\" alt=\"image of keyboard with half and whole steps labeled\" class=\"aligncenter\" width=\"504\" height=\"270\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a><\/a>Major scales<\/h1>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Diatonic half and whole steps are the building blocks for <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_65_353\">scales<\/a>, which arrange steps in predictable and pleasing ways. Much of the pitch content of Western tonal classical and popular music derives from scales. The most common scale in this repertory is the <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_65_354\">major scale<\/a>, which arranges half (H) and whole (W) steps in the following way: W W H W W W H. Example 3\u20111 shows this pattern beginning on A; half steps are bracketed.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Example 3\u20111. The A major scale<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/image33.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/image33.png\" alt=\"image of A major scale, with scale degrees and intervals labeled\" class=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1423\" height=\"296\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-65-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/ex-3.1.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/ex-3.1.mp3\">https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/ex-3.1.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The first note of any scale, called <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_65_356\">tonic<\/a>, is generally considered to be the most important and most memorable note of the scale. The other scale degrees also have names, which are shown above the staff in Example 3\u20111. When singing tonal melodies, it is common to use <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_65_2509\">solfege<\/a> syllables, which are also given in the above example. <span>This book uses the system of movable-do solfege, in which tonic is always \u201cdo.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Video: T04 Intro to major scales (4:02)<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"T04 Intro to Major Scales\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/e3JuzHavtsU?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">This video introduces the concept of major scales, which comprise the following interval pattern: whole-whole-half-whole-whole-whole-half.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Just as conducting helps people embody meter, many people find it useful to use embodied hand gestures associated with singing each scale degree. The hand signs used for each solfege syllable appear in Figure 3\u20112.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Figure 3\u20112. Curwen hand signs<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/image34.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/image34.png\" alt=\"image of solfege hand signs\" class=\"aligncenter\" width=\"421\" height=\"1179\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Video: S01 Solfege and Curwen hand signs (2:08)<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"S01 Solfege &amp; Kodaly Hand Signs\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fzt1vbACOKg?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">This video is an interactive singing video, introducing viewers to the solfege syllables associated with the major scale (do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti), and the Curwen hand signs associated with each syllable. These should be practiced and memorized. The term &#8220;Curwen&#8221; refers to English choral educator John Spencer Curwen (1816\u20131880), who used the hand signs to correspond with the solfege syllables, following the method created by English music educator Sarah Anna Glover (1785\u20131867). The term &#8220;Kod\u00e1ly&#8221; refers to Hungarian composer and pedagogue Zolt\u00e1n Kod\u00e1ly (1882\u20131867), who used the hand signs in his teaching practices for developing sight-singing skills. The terms &#8220;Glover,&#8221; &#8220;Curwen,&#8221; and &#8220;Kod\u00e1ly&#8221; can be used interchangeably to refer to the hand signs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Self-check quiz on solfege and hand signs<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<div id=\"h5p-2\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-2\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"2\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Solfege hand signs\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a><\/a>EXERCISE 3-1 Major scales in context<\/h1>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Once you understand how to construct major scales, it is helpful to see and hear how the scales work in musical contexts. To this end, study the six examples in the following exercise. <span>If you would like to be guided through the exercises, see the two \u201cMajor scales in context\u201d videos below.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">EXERCISE 3-1 Major scales in context<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>B<\/strong><strong> MAJOR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Write the ascending B major scale below or on a piece of staff paper. Bracket the location of all half steps. Select the right arrow over the image to view the answer.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-4\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-4\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"4\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"WE 3.1 B major\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Listen for the B major scale in the following example.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 3\u20111. Patrick Wolf, \u201cThe Magic Position,&#8221; 0:00\u20130:29<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-65-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.1.mp3?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.1.mp3\">https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.1.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the full track, performed by Patrick Wolf, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/51VDsgehISUIIJvUgIjwQu?si=62a07c4a24e94e85\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Learn about English singer-songwriter <strong>Patrick Wolf<\/strong> (b. 1983) at the <a class=\"rId88\" href=\"http:\/\/www.patrickwolf.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">artist&#8217;s website<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>C MAJOR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Write the ascending and descending C major scale below or on a piece of staff paper. Bracket the location of all half steps. Select the right arrow over the image to view the answer.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-5\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-5\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"5\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"WE 3.2 C major\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Find the ascending and descending forms of the C major scale in the following example.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 3\u20112. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, K. 265, Variations on \u201cAh, vous dirai-je, Maman,\u201d var. 7<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/image37.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/image37.png\" alt=\"score for Mozart, K. 265 variation 7\" class=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1073\" height=\"776\" \/><\/a><small><\/small><\/p>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-65-3\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.2.mp3?_=3\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.2.mp3\">https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.2.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the full piece, performed by Bal\u00e1zs Szokolay, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/4WdxY9P58aXpxdSuq3IoTd?si=d5819ca578d44cea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Learn about Austrian composer <strong>Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart<\/strong> (1756\u20131791) by reading this <a class=\"rId89\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.6002278233\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Oxford Music Online article<\/span><\/a>, written by Cliff Eisen and Stanley Sadie.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>D<\/strong><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0e4fd1b228a913e7ed236ea1697df45c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#108;&#97;&#116;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"6\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\" \/> <\/strong><strong>MAJOR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Write the ascending D<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0e4fd1b228a913e7ed236ea1697df45c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#108;&#97;&#116;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"6\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\" \/> major scale below or on a piece of staff paper. Bracket the location of all half steps. Select the right arrow over the image to view the answer.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-6\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-6\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"6\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"WE 3.3 D-flat major\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Listen for the D<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0e4fd1b228a913e7ed236ea1697df45c_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#102;&#108;&#97;&#116;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"13\" width=\"6\" style=\"vertical-align: 0px;\" \/> major scale in the following example.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 3\u20113. The Beatles, \u201cAcross the Universe\u201d from <em>Let It Be<\/em>, 3:13\u20133:47<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-65-4\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.3.mp3?_=4\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.3.mp3\">https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.3.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the full recording, performed by the Beatles, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/4dkoqJrP0L8FXftrMZongF?si=010cb9a1c8bf46aa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Learn about 20th-century English rock band <strong>the Beatles<\/strong> and their music by reading this <a class=\"rId90\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.A2223785\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Oxford Music Online article<\/span><\/a>, written by Walter Everett.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>F<\/strong><strong> MAJOR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Write the ascending F major scale below or on a piece of staff paper. Bracket the location of all half steps. Select the right arrow over the image to view the answer.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-7\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-7\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"7\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"WE 3.4 F major\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Find the F major scale in the following example.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 3\u20114. Franz Joseph Haydn, Violin Concerto no. 1 in C major, Hob. VIIa 1, mvt. 2, mm. 1\u20133<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Example from https:\/\/musictheoryexamples.com\/1scales\/ScF.pdf by Timothy Cutler (accessed July 6, 2020). Website no longer available; the author's examples now appear in an anthology published by W.W. Norton.\" id=\"return-footnote-65-1\" href=\"#footnote-65-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.4-Haydn-Vln-Concerto-excerpt.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.4-Haydn-Vln-Concerto-excerpt-1024x775.png\" alt=\"image of score\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-396 size-large\" width=\"1024\" height=\"775\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.4-Haydn-Vln-Concerto-excerpt-1024x775.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.4-Haydn-Vln-Concerto-excerpt-300x227.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.4-Haydn-Vln-Concerto-excerpt-768x581.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.4-Haydn-Vln-Concerto-excerpt-1536x1163.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.4-Haydn-Vln-Concerto-excerpt-65x49.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.4-Haydn-Vln-Concerto-excerpt-225x170.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.4-Haydn-Vln-Concerto-excerpt-350x265.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.4-Haydn-Vln-Concerto-excerpt.png 1692w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-65-5\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.4.mp3?_=5\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.4.mp3\">https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.4.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the full track, performed by Alberto Lysy, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/5d53dvmmkR31yI9I1dnFkE?si=cc5cc6b724c84be5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Learn about Austrian composer <strong>Franz Joseph Haydn<\/strong> (1732\u20131809) by reading this <a class=\"rId91\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.44593\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Oxford Music Online article<\/span><\/a>, written by Georg Feder and James Webster.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>D MAJOR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Write the D major scale below or on a piece of staff paper. Bracket the location of all half steps. Select the right arrow over the image to view the answer.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-8\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-8\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"8\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"WE 3.5 D major\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Find the D major scale in the following example. Bonus: can you find a G major scale in this excerpt, too?<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 3\u20115. Johann Sebastian Bach, Keyboard Partita no. 4 in D major, BWV 828, Ouverture, mm. 1\u20135<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Example from https:\/\/musictheoryexamples.com\/1scales\/ScA.pdf by Timothy Cutler (accessed July 6, 2020). Website no longer available; the author's examples now appear in an anthology published by W.W. Norton.\" id=\"return-footnote-65-2\" href=\"#footnote-65-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.5-300x172.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.5-1024x587.png\" alt=\"image of score\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-412 size-large\" width=\"1024\" height=\"587\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.5-1024x587.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.5-300x172.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.5-768x440.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.5-1536x881.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.5-65x37.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.5-225x129.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.5-350x201.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.5.png 1822w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-65-6\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.5.mp3?_=6\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.5.mp3\">https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.5.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the full recording, performed by Sergey Schepkin, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/6A3dyzSumEFrLx3niz24Ba?si=943fb91818974148\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Learn about German composer <strong>Johann Sebastian Bach<\/strong> (1685\u20131750) by reading this <a class=\"rId92\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gmo\/9781561592630.article.6002278195\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Oxford Music Online article<\/span><\/a>, written by Christoph Wolff and Walter Emery.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>G<\/strong><strong> MAJOR<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Write the ascending and descending G major scale below or on a piece of staff paper. Bracket the location of all half steps. Select the right arrow over the image to view the answer.<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-9\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-9\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"9\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"WE 3.6 G major\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Listen for the descending G major scale in the following example, about 12 seconds in from the beginning of the clip.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 3\u20116. Audrye Sessions, \u201cWhere You\u2019ll Find Me,\u201d from Audrye Sessions, 2:22\u20133:06<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-65-7\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.6.mp3?_=7\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.6.mp3\">https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.6.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the full recording, performed by Audrye Sessions, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/6Byld2jTMqt1C1FeMdZVXo?si=16e82708f6a64816\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Learn about 21st-century American indie band <strong>Audrye<\/strong><strong> Sessions<\/strong> by reading this <a class=\"rId93\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Audrye_Sessions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Wikipedia article<\/span><\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Worksheet example 3-7. Joanna Wang (\u738b\u82e5\u7433), \u201cFlies! (\u84bc\u8805!),\u201d 0:17\u20130:28<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-65-8\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.7.mp3?_=8\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.7.mp3\">https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/WE-3.7.mp3<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the full recording, performed by Joanna Wang&#8221;, on <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/track\/28kDkv8dTiUEdnVdPK1nrc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Learn about 21st-century Taiwanese-American singer-songwriter <strong>Joanna Wang<\/strong> (b. 1988) by reading this <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Joanna_Wang\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikipedia article<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Access a printer-friendly .pdf of the exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/files\/2023\/04\/Ex3.1-Major-scales-in-context-rev.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ex3.1 Major scales in context<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p>Want more practice spelling major scales? Try these drills:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><a class=\"rId95\" href=\"https:\/\/www.teoria.com\/en\/exercises\/sc.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Practice spelling major scales<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(teoria)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px\"><a class=\"rId96\" href=\"https:\/\/www.musictheory.net\/exercises\/scale-construction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Practice spelling major scales<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(musictheory.net)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Listen to the audio examples featured in this exercise here: <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/playlist\/0F1Qdg5EWyXlT1TYV98tNq?si=d450ba622cb34f2c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Spotify playlist for major scales in context<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Video: T05 Major scales in context, part 1 (5:54)<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-3\" title=\"T05 Major Scales in Context video 1\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/gKBF2k3-fJs?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">In this video, we begin working on &#8220;Major scales in context.&#8221; Get a piece of staff paper and a pencil, and get ready to write a B major scale. The payoff? We get to listen to its use in a cool track by Patrick Wolf.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Video: T06 Major scales in context, part 2 (13:29)<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-4\" title=\"T06 Major Scales in Context, part 2\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3kyckSwCMmM?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">This interactive video guides you as you complete the &#8220;Major scales in context&#8221; exercise, rewarding you with beautiful and exciting musical examples by Mozart, Haydn, Bach, and Audrye Sessions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--exercises\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Self-quiz: Logic problems with scales and scale degrees<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">\n<div id=\"h5p-3\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-3\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"3\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Scale degree quiz\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a><\/a>Supplemental resources<\/h1>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Supplemental resources for Chapter 3<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a class=\"rId97\" href=\"https:\/\/gmajormusictheory.org\/Fundamentals\/Ch04.pdf\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Gilbert <\/span><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">DeBenedetti\u2019s<\/span><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\"> chapter on major scales<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\"><\/span><a class=\"rId98\" href=\"http:\/\/musictheory.pugetsound.edu\/mt21c\/MajorScalesAndKeySignatures.html\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Robert Hutchinson\u2019s chapter on major scales and key signatures<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><a class=\"rId99\" href=\"https:\/\/milnepublishing.geneseo.edu\/fundamentals-function-form\/chapter\/6-major-scales-2\/\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Andre Mount&#8217;s chapter on major scales<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/viva.pressbooks.pub\/openmusictheory\/chapter\/major-scales\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chelsey Hamm and Bryn Hughes&#8217;s chapter on major scales, scale degrees, and key signatures<\/a> (Open Music Theory)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/uen.pressbooks.pub\/auralskills\/chapter\/solfege\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Timothy Chenette&#8217;s chapter on solfege<\/a> (Foundations of Aural Skills)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-65-1\">Example from <span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">https:\/\/musictheoryexamples.com\/1scales\/ScF.pdf<\/span> by <span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Timothy Cutler (accessed July 6, 2020). Website no longer available; the author's examples now appear in an <a href=\"https:\/\/digital.wwnorton.com\/musicanalysis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anthology<\/a> published by W.W. Norton.<\/span> <a href=\"#return-footnote-65-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-65-2\">Example from <span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">https:\/\/musictheoryexamples.com\/1scales\/ScA.pdf<\/span> by <span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Timothy Cutler (accessed July 6, 2020). Website no longer available; the author's examples now appear in an <a href=\"https:\/\/digital.wwnorton.com\/musicanalysis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anthology<\/a> published by W.W. Norton.<\/span> <a href=\"#return-footnote-65-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_65_344\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_65_344\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>the measure of distance between two pitches<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_65_247\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_65_247\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>In the 12-note Western chromatic scale, the smallest interval between two notes<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_65_345\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_65_345\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>term referring to notes within a key<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_65_346\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_65_346\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>term referring to notes outside of a key<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_65_350\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_65_350\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>interval that spans two half steps<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_65_353\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_65_353\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>arrangement of stepwise notes, from which melodies and harmonies are formed<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_65_354\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_65_354\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>arrangement of stepwise notes using the following interval pattern: whole - whole - half - whole - whole - whole - half<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_65_356\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_65_356\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>the first note of a tonal scale, or the chord built on the first note of a tonal scale<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_65_2509\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_65_2509\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>system of associating pitches with syllables, also referred to as \"solmization\"; with movable-do solfege, the major scale uses \"do,\" \"re,\" \"mi,\" \"fa,\" \"sol,\" \"la,\" and \"ti,\" and \"do\" is always tonic; with fixed-do solfege, \"do\" is always C<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":3,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-65","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/65","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"version-history":[{"count":104,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/65\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7199,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/65\/revisions\/7199"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/65\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=65"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=65"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=65"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.macalester.digital\/multimodalmusicianship\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=65"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}